Ship-SHAPE Tool Set
Ship-SHAPE (Ship System Human Systems Integration for Affordability and Performance Engineering) is an adaptation of the IDEA (Integrated Decision/Engineering Aid) tool set developed by Carlow for the Army’s Human Research and Engineering Directorate, Naval Sea Systems Command, the Navy’s Space and Warfare Systems Command (SPAWAR), and DARPA. Ship-SHAPE is a set of automated processes, tools, and data bases developed specifically to enable human systems integration (HSI) analysts in the Navy and in the commercial ship building and maritime system arena to meet HSI requirements as contained in the DoD 5000 series, the Defense Acquisition Deskbook, Naval Sea Systems Command Instruction 3900.8, MIL-STD 1472, MIL-HDBK 46855, ASTM-1166 and ASTM-1337.
The guiding principle behind the design of the Ship-SHAPE software is that the HSI analyst should have at his or her fingertips all of the guidance, instructions, processes, procedures, methods, tools, and data needed to conduct a timely and complete HSI effort.
The elements of the Ship-SHAPE system are: the HFE process for ships; an integrated HFE information system; automated HFE tools; and a report generator for producing HFE plans and reports.
Ship-SHAPE Automated Human Systems Integration (HSI) tools include:
a) a Ship-SHAPE HSI Process Tool;
b) a mission/function analysis tool and scenario generator (IMAGE);
c) a Comparability Analysis (I-CAN) tool which supports the identification of high driver tasks/conditions and lessons learned from predecessor systems;
d) a Role of Man and Automation (ROMAN) tool which supports function allocations and determination of alternate feasible roles of the human;
e) The HSI Assessment tool (ASSESS) for assessing technology, affordability and risk associated with design concepts;
f) a Task Analysis (I-TASK) Tool based on MIL-H-46855 and MIL-STD 1478;
g) a Simulation for Workload Assessment and Modeling tool (SIMWAM) for assessing multi-operator task network impacts on human performance and workload;
h) a HSI Planning Tool (I-PLAN) which supports planning an HSI effort by tracking project tasks, personnel hours, task status, deliverables with due dates;
i) Carlow’s Usability Test Tool for Evaluation and Research (CUTTER) which offers the following three modules to support all phases of usability testing: (1) a test preparation and planning support module (2) a data logging and data analysis module and (3) an interface evaluation guideline module; and
j) a hypertext version of ASTM-1166;
k) an Integrated NDI Selection/Assessment Tool (INDI)
The tool set has application throughout the ship/system design process. In the front-end conceptual design phase the Ship-SHAPE tool addresses (1) analysis and integration of requirements, from mission requirements, through function requirements, to task performance requirements; (2) allocation of function and determination of the role of the human vice automation in performance of system functions; (3) development of alternate concepts for human-system interaction; (4) conduct of task network simulation to assess workload and human performance requirements for alternative design concepts, and identification of manning levels associated with each concept; and (5) assessment of the affordability and risk potential associated with each design approach. In the preliminary design phase the Ship-SHAPE tool is directed toward developing design requirements and prototyping and assessing alternate human-machine interface (HMI) approaches and strategies. In the detail design phase the Ship-SHAPE focus is on design and evaluation of (HMI) elements.
EQUIPMENT REQUIRED:
The Ship-SHAPE suite of tools is currently compatible with Macintosh and Windows machines, and will eventually exist in html.
USES: In conceptual design the output includes results of mission and function analysis, roles of humans vice automation, and required manning levels for the ship/system. These outputs are used to specify the level of automation, required roles of the human and requirements to support these roles, and numbers and qualifications of personnel to man the ship/system. In the preliminary design phase outputs are used to further define the roles and requirements of human performance, particularly as it interacts with automated performance. In detail design outputs include design criteria and specifications for human-machine interfaces, training systems, user documentation, information systems, and system safety design requirements.
STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT:
Completed for all phases of the acquisition process
VALIDATION:
The Ship-SHAPE tool set has been validated in efforts to reduce manning in the S&T Manning Affordability Program, Fast Sealift ship, Seawolf Fast Attack Nuclear Submarine, New SSN, Surface Combatant 21st Century (SC 21) ship, Autonomic ship, DDG-51 ship, LSD-41 ship, LHA PRI-FLY, CVNs, CV air operations systems, CVX, CIC systems, engineering control and auxiliaries, reduced manning bridge, Integrated Survivability Management System, Total Ship Survivability Training System, and DDG-51 accommodation of women program.
The Ship-SHAPE tool set, developed initially for the U.S. Navy, is being adapted for application in the offshore/commercial marine industry in the US and in Europe. The major thrusts of the commercial applications are on reduction of manning, and reduction of the incidence and impact of human error in maritime systems. An example of the tailoring of Ship-SHAPE tools to the commercial maritime industry was seen in the workshop entitled Human Error Reduction through Human and Organizational Factors in Design and Engineering of Offshore Systems, conducted in the 1996 International Workshop on Human Factors in Offshore Operations, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Proprietary Tools: Program Manager's Guide
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