2.2 Establishment of an HSI Program

For each system acquisition program, an HSI program must be established. The requirements for an HSI Program can be described in terms of HSI programmatic issues and requirements, and technical issues and requirements.

2.2.1 Identify HSI Programmatic Issues and Requirements

An HSI Program will be established within the systems engineering organization which will address the following issues:

• The HSI coordinator will be qualified in at least one of the domains of HSI, and will have at his or her disposal personnel with expertise in all HSI domains
• An HSI issue identification, tracking and resolution system will be established which will identify and prioritize HSI problems in the design, and track the resolution of these problems
• The HSI Program will be provided sufficient, stable resources (including funding) to adequately manage the application of HSI in the acquisition of the system
• The HSI Program will establish links with other program management elements
• The HSI Program will establish policies, procedures and the organizational structure for how the HSI program will accomplish its efforts
• The HSI Program will establish a plan of action for applying HSI all phases of system acquisition, and for developing an HSI Plan.
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data to foster, enhance and measure operator awareness (including situation awareness, knowledge management, cognitive mapping, tactical perspective, and information handling) in a reduced manning environment.
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data for designing, conceptualizing and assessing human-machine interfaces (HMI) with emphasis on automation interfaces, decision support/intelligent aids, advanced intelligent displays, advanced controls and controllers, human error modes/error tolerance, and application of human engineering standards.
• The HSI Program will apply the principles, methods and data of human-centered design to include: developing design concepts which foster and support the interaction between human and automation; developing design concepts which will enhance human performance and safety; developing design concepts which reduce the incidence and impact of human error; and developing design criteria to support design concepts. Human-centered design is concerned with defining design requirements and concepts for HMI, to include all interfaces between humans and other system elements, including hardware, software, information, environments, organizations, procedures, and other humans.
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data to enhance and measure quality of work, including adequacy of arrangements (workspace arrangements, facility arrangements, traffic patterns, cargo transfer and handling, integrated command environment), and workspace (access/egress, maintenance workspace, workplace safety, dimensions);
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data to address design for maintainability, specifically in terms of reduction of maintenance skills and workloads, and design of maintenance decision aids and intelligent maintainer associates.
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data to assess operator workloads for representative and worst case scenarios and OPSITs with alternate concepts for HMI and situation awareness provisions.
• The HSI Program will conduct a comprehensive Total Ship Top Down Requirements Analysis (TDRA) to serve as the basis for reengineering of legacy systems and design of reduced manning concepts for new system implementations to enable the full integration of legacy and improved systems into the total ship; and to support the development of design decisions for optimizing manning, crew performance, workload, safety, training, and personnel utilization on the ship.
• The HSI Program will define the requirements for modeling and simulation to support the HSI effort with emphasis on: workload estimation; conduct of "What if" studies; determining HMI detailed design requirements; input to T&E efforts; definition of procedures and ship management processes; and identification of training requirements.
• The HSI Program will develop an HSI T&E Program which will define HSI T&E measures of human performance; establish the relationships among M&S, T&E, and SPM as applied to HSI; provide for comparative, empirical trials for competing designs; and conducting part task studies using humans-in-the-loop.
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data for detailed design of HMI, including maintaining cognizance and situation awareness; design for access; arrangements; and achieving detailed designs, based on requirements and based on design guides (e.g., MIL-STD-142 and ASTM 1166).
• The HSI Program will adapt, develop and implement methods and data to reduce the incidence of human error, and techniques to make systems error tolerant, including conducting task likelihood analyses, conducting human-in-the-loop simulations, and designing HMI to reduce the incidence and impact of human error.

5

2.2.2 Identify HSI Technical Issues and Requirements

• The HSI Program will identify design deficiencies and lessons learned in existing systems which adversely impact personnel performance and safety;
• The HSI Program will develop design, manning and training options to resolve personnel performance, safety and readiness problems identified in existing systems;
• The HSI Program will determine the optimum role of the human vs. automation in system operation and maintenance;
• The HSI Program will develop system, subsystem and component design concepts and criteria;
• The HSI Program will integrate personnel selection criteria, personnel skill requirements and human performance standards in the development of personnel performance and readiness criteria;
• The HSI Program will apply standardized, requirements-driven, front-end analysis techniques which address personnel quantity and quality demands as well as human-machine interface design requirements;
• The HSI Program will reduce required manning, workloads, training, and skills and simplify tasks through HSI application;
• The HSI Program will reduce human error potential and enhance error detection and recovery in emerging systems;
• The HSI Program will reduce accident rates and health hazards, and enhance human performance and safety in adverse environments;
• The HSI Program will reduce the risks associated with personnel capability, availability, performance, productivity, and safety;
• The HSI Program will attend to the development and implementation of HSI technology;
• The HSI Program will significantly reduce costs due to reduced error rates, reduced accident rates, reduced system redesign requirements, enhanced system availability, reduced training time and effort, reduced training pipelines, improved system supportability, and increased system survivability.

5